In a medium skillet, melt the butter over medium-high heat. Continue to stir over the heat until the butter turns a deep brown color. Transfer to a heat-safe bowl and allow to cool.
In a medium mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
In a stand mixer, beat the browned butter, sugar, and brown sugar. Add the egg yolks, sourdough discard, and vanilla then beat again until light and fluffy.
Add the dry ingredients to wet ingredients and mix. Stir in the chocolate chips. Cover and refrigerate for 1 hour.
Use a 2-tablespoon cookie scoop to scoop the dough and place on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Bake at 350 degrees for 10-12 minutes.
Allow the cookies to rest on the cookie sheet before transferring to a cooling rack to cool completely.